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Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in an endemic area Ochello, Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia. Methods We conducted community based cross-sectional survey among residents in Ochello from November to December 2014. The study area was purposely selected based on previous reports on endemicity of CL. Using simple random sampling technique, a total of 392 household participants were selected in the study area Ochello. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Regarding the responses given to knowledge, attitude and practice, a score of 1 was given for each right response and 0 for unsure responses. Data were double entered and analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Descriptive statistics that include frequency and percentage were used to analyze the results. Results In total, 392 individuals were participated in our study where 225 (57.4%) of the participants were males and 167 (42.6%) were females. Of all the total participants, 265 (67.6%) had heard of the disease, and 127 (32.4%) responded that they did not know CL. Based on the scoring results, 265 (67.6%) participants were knowledgeable about CL. Out of 265 participants who heard about CL, most of them [215 (54.8%)] had the attitude that CL was a problem in their area and had no positive attitude towards the treatment of CL. Approximately, 215 (54.8%) replied that CL was preventable. Majority of the respondents did not sleep outdoors and did not practice sleeping near vegetation with or without bed net. Conclusions The current finding indicated that the inhabitants of Ochello developed good awareness and encouraging attitude regarding CL. However, their prevention and control practice was very low. Hence, the result of this study calls for organized community awareness creation through various means.
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Objective:To characterize mycobacterium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visitingNationalTuberculosisReferenceLaboratory atEthiopianHealth andNutritionResearch Institute, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis fromJanuary4 toFebruary22,2010 with total samples of263.Methods:Sputum specimens were collected and processed; the deposits were cultured.For culturingLowensteinJensen medium(LJ) andMycobacteriaGrowthIndicatorTube (BACTECMGIT960) were used.CapiliaNeo was used for detectingNTM isolates from isolates of BACTECMGIT960.InArmauerHansenResearchInstitute,AddisAbabaEthiopia,Deletion typing PCR method for species identification(from confirmedMycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates byCapiliaNeo) was done.Results:Out of263 enrolled in the study,124 and117 of them were positive for mycobacterium growth byBACTECMGIT960 andLJ culture method, respectively.FromBACTECMGIT960 positive media of124 isolates,117 were randomly taken to performCapiliaTBNeo test.From these7(6%) of them were found to beNTM and110(94%) were MTBC.From these110MTBC isolates,81 of them were randomly taken and run by the deletion typingRD9PCR method of molecular technique.Out of these78(96.3%) were found to be species ofMycobacterium tuberculosis and3(3.7%) were found to be not in theMTBC.Regarding the types of methods of culture media,MycobacteriaGrowthIndicatorTube(BACTECMGIT960) method was found to have excellent agreement(with kappa value of0.78) with the routine method of LJ.Conclusions:Pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting theNationalTuberculosis ReferenceLaboratory atEHNRI that were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by the species ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, hence treatment regimen including pyrazinamide can be applied to the patients as the first choice in the study area inAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.There is indication of the presence ofNTM in patients visiting the tuberculosis reference laboratory and this is important becauseNTM is known to cause pulmonary disease similar with sign and symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis but different in treatment.BACTECMGIT960 has excellent agreement withLJ media but it has high tendency of having high contamination rate unless a better decontamination method is designed.
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OBJECTIVE@#To characterize mycobacterium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis from January 4 to February 22, 2010 with total samples of 263.@*METHODS@#Sputum specimens were collected and processed; the deposits were cultured. For culturing Lowenstein Jensen medium (LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC MGIT 960) were used. Capilia Neo was used for detecting NTM isolates from isolates of BACTEC MGIT 960. In Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Deletion typing PCR method for species identification (from confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates by Capilia Neo) was done.@*RESULTS@#Out of 263 enrolled in the study, 124 and 117 of them were positive for mycobacterium growth by BACTEC MGIT 960 and LJ culture method, respectively. From BACTEC MGIT 960 positive media of 124 isolates, 117 were randomly taken to perform Capilia TB Neo test. From these 7 (6%) of them were found to be NTM and 110 (94%) were MTBC. From these 110 MTBC isolates, 81 of them were randomly taken and run by the deletion typing RD9 PCR method of molecular technique. Out of these 78 (96.3%) were found to be species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 3 (3.7%) were found to be not in the MTBC. Regarding the types of methods of culture media, Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC MGIT 960) method was found to have excellent agreement (with kappa value of 0.78) with the routine method of LJ.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at EHNRI that were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by the species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hence treatment regimen including pyrazinamide can be applied to the patients as the first choice in the study area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. There is indication of the presence of NTM in patients visiting the tuberculosis reference laboratory and this is important because NTM is known to cause pulmonary disease similar with sign and symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis but different in treatment. BACTEC MGIT 960 has excellent agreement with LJ media but it has high tendency of having high contamination rate unless a better decontamination method is designed.
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Objective: To characterize mycobacterium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis from January 4 to February 22, 2010 with total samples of 263. Methods: Sputum specimens were collected and processed; the deposits were cultured. For culturing Lowenstein Jensen medium (LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC MGIT 960) were used. Capilia Neo was used for detecting NTM isolates from isolates of BACTEC MGIT 960. In Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Deletion typing PCR method for species identification (from confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates by Capilia Neo) was done. Results: Out of 263 enrolled in the study, 124 and 117 of them were positive for mycobacterium growth by BACTEC MGIT 960 and LJ culture method, respectively. From BACTEC MGIT 960 positive media of 124 isolates, 117 were randomly taken to perform Capilia TB Neo test. From these 7 (6%) of them were found to be NTM and 110 (94%) were MTBC. From these 110 MTBC isolates, 81 of them were randomly taken and run by the deletion typing RD9 PCR method of molecular technique. Out of these 78 (96.3%) were found to be species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 3 (3.7%) were found to be not in the MTBC. Regarding the types of methods of culture media, Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC MGIT 960) method was found to have excellent agreement (with kappa value of 0.78) with the routine method of LJ. Conclusions: Pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at EHNRI that were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by the species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hence treatment regimen including pyrazinamide can be applied to the patients as the first choice in the study area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. There is indication of the presence of NTM in patients visiting the tuberculosis reference laboratory and this is important because NTM is known to cause pulmonary disease similar with sign and symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis but different in treatment. BACTEC MGIT 960 has excellent agreement with LJ media but it has high tendency of having high contamination rate unless a better decontamination method is designed.
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Listeriosis is a disease of humans and animals, in which it is one of the important emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide. Among the different species of the genus Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes [L. monocytogenes] is known to cause listeriosis in humans and animals with low incidence but high case fatality rate. Information on the occurrence and distribution of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species is very limited both in the veterinary and public health sectors in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species from foods of animal origin [cottage cheese, raw beef, raw milk and liquid whole egg] in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 391 food samples of animal origin were collected randomly, using a cross-sectional study design from November 2008 to March 2009. L. monocytogenes isolation and characterization were performed according to mainly the United States Food and Drug Administration procedures. Of the samples examined, 102 [26.1%] were found to be positive for Listeria. Listeria species were isolated in 39 [51.3%], 37 [32.2%], 22 [22%] and 4 [4%] of the raw beef, liquid whole egg, raw milk and cottage cheese samples respectively. L. monocytogenes was detected in 5.4% of the samples analyzed. It was isolated mainly from raw milk [13%] and liquid whole egg [4.3%] followed by raw beef [2.6%] and cottage cheese [1%]. In addition to L. monocytogenes, other Listeria species were identified as L. innocua [60.8%], L. welshimeri [6.9%], L. seeligeri [3.9%], L. murrayi [2.9%] and L. grayi [2.9%] and L. ivanovii [1.9%]. It was shown that L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species are widely spread in occurrence in foods of animal origin in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia